Python programming basic course

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1. Variables and Data Types:

   • Variables are used to store data values. Python has various data types including integers, floats, strings, lists, tuples, dictionaries, etc.
   • Example:

     python
     # Variable assignment
     x = 5
     y = "Hello"
     z = [1, 2, 3]
     
     # Printing variables
     print(x)  # Output: 5
     print(y)  # Output: Hello
     print(z)  # Output: [1, 2, 3]
     

2. Control Flow:

   • Control flow statements like if-elif-else and loops (for, while) are used to control the execution of code.
   • Example:

     python
     # If-else statement
     age = 18
     if age >= 18:
         print("You are an adult")
     else:
         print("You are a minor")
     
     # For loop
     fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
     for fruit in fruits:
         print(fruit)
     
     # While loop
     i = 0
     while i < 5:
         print(i)
         i += 1
     

3. Functions:

   • Functions are reusable blocks of code that perform a specific task. They can take parameters and return values.
   • Example:

     python
     # Function definition
     def greet(name):
         return "Hello, " + name
     
     # Function call
     print(greet("Alice"))  # Output: Hello, Alice
     

4. Lists:

   • Lists are ordered collections of items, which can be of different data types. They are mutable, meaning their elements can be changed.
   • Example:

     python
     # List creation
     numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
     
     # Accessing elements
     print(numbers[0])  # Output: 1
     
     # Modifying elements
     numbers[0] = 10
     print(numbers)  # Output: [10, 2, 3, 4, 5]
     

5. Dictionaries:

• Dictionaries are unordered collections of key-value pairs. They are mutable and can store different data types.
• Example:

  python
  # Dictionary creation
  person = {"name": "John", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}
  
  # Accessing values
  print(person["name"])  # Output: John
  
  # Modifying values
  person["age"] = 35
  print(person)  # Output: {'name': 'John', 'age': 35, 'city': 'New York'} 

1. Sum of Numbers in a List:
   • This program calculates the sum of numbers in a given list.

python
numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
total = sum(numbers)
print("Sum of numbers:", total)

2. Factorial of a Number:
   • This program calculates the factorial of a given number using recursion.

python
def factorial(n):
    if n == 0:
        return 1
    else:
        return n * factorial(n - 1)

num = 5
print("Factorial of", num, "is:", factorial(num))

3. Palindrome Check:
   • This program checks if a given string is a palindrome or not.

python
def is_palindrome(s):
    return s == s[::-1]

string = "radar"
if is_palindrome(string):
    print(string, "is a palindrome")
else:
    print(string, "is not a palindrome")

4. Fibonacci Series:
   • This program generates the Fibonacci series up to a specified number of terms.

python
def fibonacci(n):
    fib_series = [0, 1]
    for i in range(2, n):
        next_term = fib_series[-1] + fib_series[-2]
        fib_series.append(next_term)
    return fib_series

terms = 10
print("Fibonacci series up to", terms, "terms:", fibonacci(terms))

5. Prime Number Check:
   • This program checks if a given number is prime or not.

python
def is_prime(n):
    if n <= 1:
        return False
    elif n <= 3:
        return True
    elif n % 2 == 0 or n % 3 == 0:
        return False
    i = 5
    while i * i <= n:
        if n % i == 0 or n % (i + 2) == 0:
            return False
        i += 6
    return True

num = 17
if is_prime(num):
    print(num, "is a prime number")
else:
    print(num, "is not a prime number") 

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